Sunday, May 24, 2020
Star Wars A New Peace - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2467 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Cinematographic Art Essay Level High school Tags: Star Wars Essay Did you like this example? Throughout the 1900’s, communism took the world by storm as it spread through Europe and Asia. Karl Marx wrote about the widespread ideology in his greatest work of writing, The Communist Manifesto(1848), and declared that all property in society should be equally owned, and payment would be dealt according to his or her abilities and needs. And so, after the majority of WWI had elapsed, the communistic cancer began spreading throughout the nations of Europe, beginning with the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, which established the Soviet Union as the primary power of Russia after the destruction of the Tsarist autocracy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Star Wars: A New Peace" essay for you Create order Thereafter, the Soviet Union would begin spreading communism throughout the nonaligned nations of Europe following WWII, ultimately leading to the spread of communism in Asia, and more specifically, China, North Korea, and Vietnam. Decades later, the Cold War was an urgent matter, and presidents serving throughout the Cold War such as Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy(1961-1963)would establish programs and acts that would, in hopes, repel the outbreak of communism. However, with the Soviet Union gaining traction in the race to supremacy as a global power, the presidential efforts would not be enough.  Beginning in 1945, following WWII, the era of Long Peaceâ€â€an era of long lasting peace between the Soviet Union and the United States(1945-1991)â€â€commenced, but the Soviet Union, along with the United States, began to bolster and progress in their technology concerning nuclear warfare. The uptick in military production would be used for national defense and power, in response to the first successful detonation of an atomic bomb in Alamogordo, New Mexico, along with the U.S. nuclear detonation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Similarly, In an effort to surpass the brilliant technological aerospace advances of the Soviet Union during the Space Race in the 1950’s, the United States Congress along with Dwight D. Eisenhowerâ€â€president at the time(1953-1961)â€â€established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on July 29, 1958. The Cold War brought about nuclear dangers that could have destroyed Russia and America respectively through Mutual Assured D estruction; however, the early years of NASA and the Soviet Union’s aeronautic efforts eclipsed the worrisome tensions of the Cold War, shifting national attention to major technological developments and goals during the Space Race.                                                                                     To begin, on July 1, 1957, the United States and Russia declared that they would launch satellites in to the Earth’s orbit during the Cold War to study the earth as part of the International Geophysical Year(IGY). The purpose of the IGY can be perfectly illustrated in a National Academy Of Sciences IGY Program report: â€Å"To observe geophysical phenomena and to secure data from all parts of the world†. In response to the challenge, the Soviet Union was first to complete the task, as it launched the Sputnik on October 4, 1957: a probe orbiting earth. The probe was originally supposed to launch atop a R-7 ballistic intercontinental missile, containing advanced technology developed by the Soviets. However, to expedite the process of the launch, the probe was launched including only a two way radio, and a thermometer within the casing. The launching of the Sputnik would serve as a major defeat to the United States, as it placed the Soviet Union in the lead during the early days of the Space Race, casting early concerns among the American people.  The launching showcased the Soviet Union and its communistic ties in a global fashion, as it was not expected to advance the boundaries of technology with minimum resources, yet could create and maintain its place in a national technological competition with the United States. Moreover, the Soviet Union’s success showed how far behind the United States technological advances were. Soviet propaganda(image #1, #2, page 10)would spread following successful technological achievements, only fueling the fire of a people primed to become a great social power and pull ahead of the United States, in a power hungry world. However, the launching of Sputnik did create the beginning of a possibility towards peaceful competition, as the Space Race began to form and launch into space during the Cold War. America and Russia would now temporarily shift their primary focus from nuclear missile production to aeronautic advancements regarding outer space.  In response to the Sputnik launching, the United States was determined to take the lead in the Space Race, as it desperately needed to show the world its superiority over the Soviet Union. In order to do so, the United States, with the help of German scientists such as Wernher Von Braunâ€â€father of the V-2 rocket(first ballistic missile)â€â€sent its own satellite into orbit: the Explorer 1. The satellite was the first of its kind to carry science instruments, and would round the earth every 114 minutes. However, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was only able to send the satellite into the earth’s orbit after multiple failed attempts by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Moreover, it is extremely important to note that although the successful launch of Explorer 1 brought the United States closer to the technological position of the Soviet Union in the race to space, the United States would still be considered a national laughing stock due to their technological defea t, after the Vanguard TV3, carrying the initial American satellite, had exploded on live television in front of millions across the nation.               The failed launch claimed newspaper headlines like â€Å"kaplutnik†, as the United States struggled to keep up with Soviet achievements. However, the Vanguard TV3 disaster showcased an important component of the aeronautic distraction taking place within American society. With the common American’s attention glued to the television screen, the American people experienced the Space Race, along with the actual impactful contributors themselves, including scientists and astronauts. The television served as a temporary distraction to the worrisome dangers of the Cold War and its destructive implications, as TV stations broadcasted launch events and technological aeronautic achievements.  To add upon the television’s impact, Journalists such as Walter Cronkite took the American people inside the inner workings of the Space Race within the 15-minute nightly televised broadcasts on CBS. He chronicled the lone American aeronautic space program: NASA. The program would be directly focused on competing with the aerospace and technological advances of the Soviet Union in its successful launch of Sputnik 1, and Sputnik 2, which would be extremely important to later manned launchings, due to the Soviet Union’s successful mission in carrying the first animal in to space(canine). Furthermore, as stated in the 443rd meeting of the National Security Council, â€Å"Gates believed it was essential to separate space activities from military requirements in talking to the public about missile programs. The President noted that such a separation was one of the reasons for creating NASA. Secretary Gates believed the public was somewhat fearful of lunar probes†. The excerpt maintains the idea that the American people were frightened by the quickly advancing Soviet Union’s technological capabilities; however, with the aid of the NASA program and televised programming, the American people could stay informed and confident in its country’s ability to overcome opposing powers.  In relation, Many of the technological components of rocketry used by the U.S. military was converted for use by NASA, including the Redstone and Atlas rockets, which shows an important parallel to the shift from military efforts into the scientific era of the Cold War. Also, with the television broadcastings focused on NASA, the country became unified through a small black and white screen, as the only matter to discuss or think about seemingly became that which concerned the Space Race. While having a conversation regarding the Space Race with Ray DeSabatoâ€â€An ordinary 16 year-old man at the time of the Space Raceâ€â€he mentioned a crucial focal point regarding the cultural aspect of the Cold War in which television spread throughout the nation. Every time a televised program aired concerting the Space Race, it was â€Å"a major television event†for everyone throughout the country. As the Space Race would soon heat up, astronauts would specifically play a large role in creating a sense of superiority and heroism amongst the American people as they shined behind the television screen of every American.                                                        To expand upon the astronauts key role in the Space Race, the 1960’s brought about a new meaning to the Space Race, as both the United States and the Soviet Union would strive to launch mankind into space itself. This would prove to be a complex task for both nations as launching mankind into space had an unknown scientific outcome, and until 1961, the world did not believe in such a feat. However, in the early 1960’s 4.5% of the United States federal budget was allocated to NASA in hopes that the program would successfully make America a strong political power in the Cold War era. This showed how far the United States was willing to go to ensure that it maintained its place in the Space Race, opposed to the Soviet Union. Despite these efforts, on April. 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin launched in to space aboard the Vostok 1 from Baikonur Cosmodrome, to became the first man to enter space. The achievement gave the Soviet Union the upper hand in the Space Race yet again, as the men charged with uniting the American people could not reach the edge of the Earths atmosphere quick enough.  However, on April 12, 1961, following a similar national pattern, the United States again responded after an amazing Soviet feat. With the introduction of Project Mercury,â€â€space program sending 7 men into spaceâ€â€established in 1958, the United States was able to send its first man into space, Alan Shepard, aboard the Freedom 7 Spacecraft, with great help coming from many across the the country. As stated by Walter C. Williams Deputy Director for Mission Requirements and Flight Operationsâ€â€regarding Project Mercury, â€Å"The United States first manned space flight project was successfully accomplished in a 4 2/3 year period of dynamic activity which saw more than 2,000,000 people from many major government agencies and much of the aerospace industry combine their skills, initiative, and experience into a national effort†. Williams brings a crucial point in showing just how large the group working towards the successful launch of an American into space was. Moreover, $277,000,000 were poured into the project in 1965 USD, establishing the project as a top priority among the federal government. The United States felt that it was extremely important to put all national attention into keeping up with the Soviet Union, and in order to do so, the United States invested monetarily and compiled a group of people from different sectors of the country to complete the mission.  While completing a suborbital flight gave NASA crucial data on the effects of space on the human body and revealed how to successfully orbit an astronaut around the earth, the United States wanted to ultimately proclaim supremacy over the Soviet Union. In order to do so, on September 12, 1962, John F. Kennedy made the bold yet crucial statement in stating that â€Å"we(the United States)choose to go to the Moon in this decade, and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard†. This statement showed the world that national supremacy was to be granted to the United States in return for hard work and scientific advancements. Although the Soviet Union successfully attempted to send a man to the Moon, headed by Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, too much competition between communist scientists and poor infrastructure would not allow him to build the large F1 engines needed to bring an astronaut to the Moon. This would become the turning point in the Space R ace, as the United States would send a man to the Moon rather than another unmanned probe (the Luna 2),and receive high national recognition, like that stated by John F. Kennedy, â€Å"No single space project will be more impressive to mankind or more important for the long range exploration of space†.  The decision to go to the Moon before the end of the decade(1960’s)would soon became a reality after major accomplishments and programs were established, like the successful manned orbit of earth, and the Lunar landing Programâ€â€Project Apollo(1960-1969)â€â€established within NASA by Hugh L. Dryden(NASA Deputy Administrator). Additionally, with the new Moon landing approach, Lunar Orbit Rendezvous(LOR), established as the official protocol for the hypothetical moon landing, the United States would add another key component to the efforts in successfully landing on the Moon. The flight mode, LOR, would take the 3-piece spacecraft into the Moon’s orbit while the lunar module detached and descended to the Moon’s surface.  Finally, after 10 Apollo missions either failed or worked as trial missions for the ultimate goal of reaching the Moon, Apollo 11 orbited around the earth and successfully touched down on the Moon by way of the lunar module. Neil Armstrong would become the first man to walk on the Moon, and thereby end the extremely competitive Space Race. In a New York Times article published a day after the landing, Richard Nixon(1969-1974) was quoted as saying, â€Å"For one priceless moment in the whole history of man all the people on this earth are truly oneone in their pride in what you have done and one in our prayers that you will return safely to earth.(Richard Nixon)†. Besides for the article’s description of the Apollo 11 landing, Nixon’s quote truly sums up the American aeronautic accomplishment, as well as the Space Race itself. He claims that for one moment, peace had been brought to the world due to the astonishing accomplishment. Whether an American or a Sovi et, the world was able to appreciate the Moon landing as a great feat for all mankind, while putting war and conflict aside.  To sum up the crucial shift from a national military effort to the scientific race of superiority during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union clashed throughout the mid and late 1900’s in hopes of either establishing communism or controlling the threat to a global democracy. However, it is important to realize that while much of the Cold War was clouded by nuclear worries and national destructive tensions, the Space Race served to eclipse the legitimate concerns of war between both nations, as they shifted their focus on to a mindset of peaceful competition. In such a manner, the United States and the Soviet Union would fight by way of competition behind the television screen as they raced in to Earth’s orbit and on to the Moon. The Space Race would serve as a reminder that nuclear weaponry would not have a competitive place on Earth, to be used in achieving a manor of superiority, and that the world had temporarily moved away from its worrisome dang ers and in to a more scientific and peacefully curious era.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay - 1010 Words
The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Throughout literary history, certain authors are so unique and fresh in their approach to the written word that they come to embody a genre. Franz Kafka is one such author; â€Å"Die Verwandlung†or â€Å"The Metamorphosis†is one of his works that helped coin the term â€Å"Kafkaesque.†Through this novella, Kafka addresses the timeless theme of people exploit-ing others as a means to an end. He demonstrates this point through showing that a family’s unhealthy dependence on the main character results in that character’s dependence on the family. Kafka’s unorthodox beginning of â€Å"The Metamorphosis†reads as what would seem to be a climactic moment: â€Å"As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he†¦show more content†¦However, as the story progresses this compassion seems to become, or may have always been, obligation. His mother had a waning rather reminiscent sympathy for her son, but she never seemed to reconcile that the creature in the bedroom was the son she had loved. She certainly could not deal with his appearance having fainted at the sight of him (p. 876). As for Gregor’s father, he had begun to re-assume responsibility for the family’s welfare, which as it turned out, had never been as poor as Gregor had been lead to believe. For Gregor himself, the adjustment was a mix of discovery and disquiet. Adjusting to his body, â€Å"He especially enjoyed hanging suspended from the ceiling†(p. 873). However, the reader also learns that Gregor’s healt h is on the decline as â€Å"he was fast losing any interest he had ever taken in food†(p. 873). It seemed for a while that the family had established a bit of a dà ©tente, but it was not to would last. The end of the second chapter saw Gregor’s father gravely wound the insect with an apple thrown into and embedded into the creature’s back. It was this wound that eventually became infected and was likely the death of the creature. In the third and final chapter, the family found the new drudgery of their lives. Their â€Å"overworked and tired-out family†(p. 880) increasingly neglected Gregor. He longed for responsibility and was â€Å"often haunted by the idea that next time the door opened he would take theShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words  | 4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words  | 4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and oneRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words  | 6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,†is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to captur e the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words  | 5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,†written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using†and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge†of a story is important to read a â€Å"text†(Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history†has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]†(Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the novella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words  | 6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis†by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.†Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words  | 3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words  | 4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words  | 4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words  | 4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility†(Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words  | 5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis†by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Analysis Of The Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins...
Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†are two short stories that share similar themes and ideas. The authors’ use of point of view, symbolism, and imagery are different but still convey the same basic idea. Both stories cover the theme of marriage and share the idea that marriage is oppressive. The stories focus on two wives desperate to break from the control of their husbands. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†the woman’s husband is a doctor therefore he believes he knows what is best for his wife. She wishes to seek out other help for her illness and wants to be able to make her own choices however, her husband takes control and completely dismisses her opinions. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†the only thing we are told is that the wife, Mrs. Mallard, felt like she was being held back by her husband and wanted to be free and live for herself. The authors express a so mewhat bitter attitude towards the idea of marriage and the roles women are supposed to take on as being submissive and the man’s role of being dominant. The audience would have expected Mrs. Mallard to be upset after learning of her husband’s death in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†but she expresses joy. Her joy does not come from a place of true hatred; she claims that she did love him at some point, she was just tired of her life being control by her husband. She realizes that her husband’s death means her freedom and that, â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending hers inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1727 Words  | 7 Pages Analysis of the Short Story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Originally published in January 1892 issue of New England Magazine. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s short story The Yellow Wallpaper was personal to her own struggles with anxiety and depression after the birth of her daughter with her first husband and S. Weir Mitchell s resting cure treatment she received. The Yellow Wallpaper describes, from the patients point of view, the fall into madness of a woman who is creativelyRead More Oppression of Women in Chopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper 1246 Words  | 5 PagesChopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper  The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman share the same view of the subordinate position of women in the late 1800s. Both stories demonstrate the devastating effects on the mind and body that result from an intelligent person living with and accepting the imposed will of another. This essay will attempt to make their themes apparent by examining a brief summery of their stories and relatingRead MoreEffects Of Repressing The Yellow Wallpaper 1520 Words  | 7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper In her story, The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman expresses exasperation towards the separate male and female roles expected of her society, and the evident repressed rights of a woman versus the active duties of a man. The story depicts the methods taken to cure a woman of her psychological state during Gilman’s time, and delineates the dominant cure of the time period, â€Å"the resting cure,†which encouraged the restraint of the imagination (The Yellow Wallpaper: LookingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wall Paper1699 Words  | 7 PagesCURE†â€Å"You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well underway in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you. It is like a bad dream.†(Knight 175) Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in Hartford, Connecticut. Early in her life her parents divorced, so her father could remarry.(Wladaver) Despite family problems, she loved an intellectual environment. She studied art at the Rhode Island School of Design, whereRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1138 Words  | 5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper During the late 1800’s, life for women was much different than it is today. Home and family were expected to be their priorities rather than education or the pursuit of a career in the professional world. Married women were not allowed to own property, keep the wages they earned or sign contracts. No woman could vote either. In short, women in the 1800’s were essentially second class citizens. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins GilmanRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1667 Words  | 7 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†is a semi- autobiography by author Charlotte Perkins Gilman who wrote it after going through a severe postpartum depression. Gilman became involved in feminist activities and her writing made her a major figure in the women s movement. Books such as â€Å"Women and Economics,†written in 1898, are proof of her importance as a feminist. Here she states that women who learn to be economically independent c an then create equality between men and women. She wrote other books such asRead More Confinement in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman1360 Words  | 6 PagesConfinement in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman    Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper is a commentary on the male oppression of women in a patriarchal society. However, the story itself presents an interesting look at one womans struggle to deal with both physical and mental confinement. This theme is particularly thought-provoking when read in todays context where individual freedom is one of our most cherished rights. This analysis will focusRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis Paper1245 Words  | 5 Pagesestablished in Charlotte Perkin Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.†Through the development of the narrator Gilman uses symbolism and imagery to awaken the reader to the reality of what a woman’s life was like in the 1800’s. Analysis of the symbolism throughout the story reveals that the author was not only testifying to the social status of the women in society but specifically giving insight into her personal life, and what she was subjected to. What appeared to be a mere, contrite story to many readersRead MoreWomen s Patriarchal Oppression By Kate Chopin Essay1621 Words  | 7 PagesSheraliz Ortiz Mrs. Kehrmeyer AP Language, Per 1 14 November 2016 Women s Patriarchal Oppression Women have been denied social power and the right to various forms of self-expression during the 19th century. Feminism is the belief that women should be treated as equals to men and have the same opportunities. Feminist analysis discusses about topics such as women in society that s been through oppression, dehumanizing, and depression. Several brave female writers came forth during this periodRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper: Male Oppression of Women in Society1313 Words  | 6 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper: Male Oppression of Women in Society Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper is a commentary on the male oppression of women in a patriarchal society. However, the story itself presents an interesting look at one womans struggle to deal with both physical and mental confinement. This theme is particularly thought-provoking when read in todays context where individual freedom is one of our most cherished rights. This analysis will focus on two primary issues: 1)
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Scene Analysis Paper Moon - 748 Words
Scene Analysis 1: Paper Moon Han Chul woo, 75288757 Film and Media Studies 85A This essay will contain lucid analysis of the brief clip from the film Paper Moon (Peter Bogdanovich, 1973), including specific techniques of mise-en-scene or cinematography used in the clip. Analysis will explicitly describe the meaning of the film, and how it is related to the techniques of mise-en-scene or cinematography. This clip of the film Paper moon is the last 5 minutes of the film, where Addie Loggins (Tatum O’Neal) decides to return to Moses â€Å"Moze†Pray (Ryan O’Neal) from the house of Aunt Billie (Rosemary Rumbley). Throughout the entire film, Addie and Moses go through several of conflicts together, while maintaining certain emotion of dislike against each other. However, this clip clearly shows that both Addie and Moses had good feelings toward each other. Certain scenes in this film clearly show how Addie and Moses want to be together. This clip connotes that Moses’ insist effort to push away Addie is because he cares about her and doesn’t want her to be involved in his dangerous, rough life. However, Addie still wants to be part of Moses’ life, so she returns to Moses. The expression of dislike between Addie and Moses is actually expression of their good feelings toward each other. Certain technique of mise-en-scene and cinematography can improve the film by creating relationship to meaning of the film or responses of spectators. Deep space composition can be suitable exampleShow MoreRelatedThe Breakdown Of The Basic Nature Of Chinese Poetry1343 Words  | 6 Pagesfrom one another through the use of metaphor to evoke the relationship between scene and feeling and vehicle and tenor respectively. The Western poetry’s use of metaphor celebrates the use of human deception through a made-up connection between that which is being talked about (tenor) and the one who talks about it (vehicle). On the other hand, the Chinese poetry’s relies on the metaphor to come up with the context of scene and feeling which involves the appreciation of the dynamic lyrical resonanceRead MoreFruit Chans Made in Hong Kong Essay1715 Words  | 7 PagesAwards. Made in Hong Kong is very much a vernacular film featuring the Hong Kong society and culture in 1997, particu larly the social marginality and violence in juvenile delinquency . This paper will assess how the film expresses nation’s sentiments by portraying the livelihood of four teenagers, namely Autumn Moon, Ping, Ah Lung and Susan, and the Hong Kong social environment in 1997 during the transition of the Hong Kong Handover. 2. Literature Review â€Å"Death and Hong Kong Cinema†written by LaikwanRead MoreAnalysis Of Van Gogh s Agony967 Words  | 4 PagesAnalysis of Van Gogh’s Agony In â€Å"Van Gogh’s Agony†, Lauren Soth proposes the argument that Starry Night by artist Vincent Van Gogh is more than just a landscape created from direct observation, but a nontraditional outlet for Van Gogh’s repressed religious beliefs that could not be expressed through traditional Christian imagery. However, Soth presents little convincing evidence from sources both primary and secondary to support this theory. Although some of the evidence may support his thesisRead MoreAnalysis of Acquainted with the Night and Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening1471 Words  | 6 PagesResearch Paper first draft 16th Nov 2011 In a Dark Night, I Find My Answers. The two poems â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening†and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night†written by Robert Frost are very similar to each other because of the simplistic form of language used and the uses of metaphors. When we first read the poem, it looks like an ordinary poem but once we go in depth and understand the meaning, it becomes so much more. Both of the poem has a very dark, gloomy and lonely setting with a reallyRead MoreLA County Museum of Art Essay1221 Words  | 5 Pagesbuildings, depending on their region of origin, culture they represent, and time period from which they were found. This paper analyzes the different genres of art found in this museum and explains the main features that make the African and Asian artworks, specifically the Islamic artworks, distinguish themselves as historic masterpieces, by using stylistic and interpretive analysis methods. History and Origin of Artworks The museums Asian art collection, are displayed in the exhibition area forRead MoreLA County Museum of Art Essay example1258 Words  | 6 PagesLatin-America and America itself, are grouped into several departments within the museums buildings, depending on the region, culture, media, and time period. This paper analyzes the different genres of art and explains the main features that make the Islamic artworks distinguish themselves as historic masterpieces, by using stylistic and interpretive analysis methods. History and Origin of LACMA Artworks The museums Asian art collection, preferably from China and Korea, are exhibited in the Pavilion for JapaneseRead MoreCrime: A Popular Genre in Literature and Films1232 Words  | 5 Pageswhile doing so in a manner that challenges conventional audience assumptions about morality and the criminal justice system. 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It was recorded in the summer of 1972 on Capital records. The song Time was written by Roger Waters and recorded in the progressive era of rock and roll. The song is important because it demonstrates how people don’t realize
Ethical Issues in Healthcare Free Essays
string(80) " emotional problems and depressive symptoms after abortion \(Rosenfeld, 1992\)\." ABSTRACT The aim of this essay was to explore the many ethical dimensions of contemporary healthcare in terms of abortion. Abortion rates in the UK have been reported, as has abortion globally as an increased method of population control. The reasons for abortion, are varied, including abortion as a contraceptive, attitudes to human life, and disability and eugenics, all of which have been discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in Healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a clear need for the ethical implications of abortion to be addressed in relation to the thoughts, feelings and attitudes of healthcare professionals working with women either considering or opting for an abortion. INTRODUCTION A medical abortion has been defined by the National Abortion Federation (Dudley and Mueller, 2008) as a termination â€Å"that is brought about by taking medications that will end a pregnancy†(p.1). The NAF further clarify that, â€Å"The alternative is surgical abortion, which ends a pregnancy by emptying the uterus (or womb) with special instruments†(p. 1). Abortions are permitted under the Abortion Act 1967 (UK Government, 1967) by a registered medical practitioner subject to certain conditions. Research by the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that abortion rates are steady, at 28 abortions per 1,000 women globally (Sedgh et al., 2008). A quarter of pregnant women in the world have either an unwanted birth or an abortion (Aguirre, 2007). In England and Wales, figures from the Department of Health (DH) show a slight rise of 0.3% in abortions, from 189,100 in 2009 to 189,574 in 2010 (DH, 2011). Almost half (49%) of the women opting for abortions in 2010 were in a partnership, while 26% were single, and 16% married (DH, 2011). The abortion rate in girls under 16-years of age was 4.0 in 2009, reducing to 3.9 in 2010 (DH, 2011). Rates for girls aged 15-19 years old were also lower in 2010 compared to 2009, although rates in women aged 30-37 years of age were higher. With such a large percentage of the population being subject to an abortion, many health professionals are confronted with the moral and ethical issues surrounding abortions. For example, according to Brody (1972), a woman should not consider the option of having an abortion when the foetus has developed biologically and genetically, into what is classed as a human being as opposed to a collection of cells. He maintains that this life, albeit in the early stages, has the same value as any other human life and therefore should be afforded the same rights. Whilst some pro-life groups or anti-abortion movements advocate that it is always inappropriate to have an abortion as it is ultimately not allowing the creation of a new human life (Harris, 1985, Schultz and Van Assendelft, 1999), a more open-minded view would be that a woman has the right to pursue an abortion (Warren, 2009). Indeed, it could be argued that each incidence and each woman should be measured on their own merit as to whether their actions contravened the foetus’ right to life and human rights. Another contrasting view would be to look at an abortion as a woman acting in self-defence in such instances whereby continuing with the pregnancy could or would damage health or even threaten the life of the woman (Warren, 2009; MacGuigan, 1994). Indeed, evidence supports the fact that where there is a â€Å"choice†between the continuation of a woman’s life or that of a foetus’, the woman’s body will instinctively act in self-preservation to the detriment and potential termination of the pregnancy. It is this type of incidence, in particular, that raises the need for the application of ethical theories. ETHICAL ISSUES IN ABORTION The relationship between abortion and contraception highlights its own ethical dilemma, which can shift the burden of responsibility from the pregnant woman to health professionals and those in authority. For example, studies conducted by Marston and Cleland (2003) reveal that abortion is not deliberately used as a method of contraception, but is more so used due to a lack of knowledge or understanding by the pregnant woman. Therefore, it is the obligation of policy-makers and healthcare professionals to ensure that information and contraception are readily available and easy to understand. This is essential in the empowerment of women, allowing them to take control of their lives and enabling them to take all possible measures against an unwanted pregnancy. Education is considered to be the easiest and most open non-invasive measure, which where necessary can be provided confidentially, obtained in private, and in some instances contact with a health centre or medical staff is not necessary. However, there will always be cases where an emergency or medical abortion is necessary, no matter how well informed or prepared a woman may be. Thus, contraception focuses on the importance of starting with and prioritising women’s needs regarding abortion concerns. In order to improve medical services, healthcare professionals need to ask questions about the level of knowledge the woman has about abortion, in addition to considering relevant ethical issues (International Consortium for Medical Abortion, ICMA, 2012). They must ensure that the woman has all the information regarding potential risks and problems, that measures to reduce levels of pain are implemented, and that the women is aware of what to expect prior, during and after the procedure (ICMA, 2012). Additional staffing is also necessary for the provision of more efficient medical services, as well as more empathetic and highly trained staff. Furthermore, those women who are considering an abortion must have their concerns and the circumstances surrounding their own ethical dilemmas addressed (Tremayne, 2000; Karasahin and Keskin, 2011). It has been argued by Rosenfeld (1992) that â€Å"healthy women who want to complete an unintended pregnancy in the first trimester have few significant or negative emotional consequences†(p. 137). Although a few women may have feelings of ambivalence or guilt, many also feel a sense of freedom and experience other positive reactions, including relief. However, the emotional response of a woman and her family to medical or therapeutic abortion is complicated. A number of factors may help address women at risk of emotional problems and depressive symptoms after abortion (Rosenfeld, 1992). You read "Ethical Issues in Healthcare" in category "Essay examples" Women who terminate their pregnancy during the second trimester, have a history of multiple abortions, have pre-existing psychiatric problems or have a lack of support at home are more likely to have emotional problems (Rosenfeld, 1992). By being aware of this, health professionals can implement the appropriate pre- and pos t-abortion care. This is also the case for women who have an abortion for medical or genetic reasons. These women are at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms and therefore health professionals are required to provide the appropriate psychological as well as medical support (Boss, 1994). Blumberg et al. (1975) explains, â€Å"Perhaps the role of decision making and the responsibility associated with selective abortion explains [sic] the more serious depression following [the abortion]†(p. 805). Medical ethics related to abortion are most relevant when they focus on the individuals choosing to have an abortion, as opposed to just health professionals carrying out the abortion or treating the aftermath. To this end, a philosopher, focusing on medical ethics can play a vital role in exposing problems which exist within hospitals.There is an enormous demand for philosophers within the healthcare setting, suggesting a common ethical, moral and social viewpoint that could facilitate advice-giving to health professionals (Polaino Lorente, 2009). International Ethical Codes In the Hippocratic Oath, abortion is connected to medical ethics in both its actual form and contemporary reformulation such as stated in the World Medical Association’s 1948 Declaration of Geneva (Kivity, Borow and Shoenfeld, 2009). According to this oath, all members of the human race have a right to life and this is agreed globally in conventions such as: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1949) Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which clearly refers to such rights as applying to the unborn (1959) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1976). However, the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children’s (SPUC’s) opposition to abortion is dependent on ethical principles which have masked universal acceptance (SPUC, 2012a). While the SPUC consists of members from many different religions, it is not an organisation based on religion. Nevertheless, this highlights the need of a focus on common acceptable (as opposed to religious-based) ethical dimensions in contemporary healthcare, especially in terms of considering the ethical implications of abortion. Abortion in the United Kingdom The main reason for legalising abortion in Britain was the suspected number of illegal abortions being carried out. Pro-abortionists indicated that every year, there were 100,000 illegal abortions before legalisation (SPUC, 2012b). The committee of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provides evidence that in England and Wales, there were 15,000 illegal abortions annually in 2007 (Event, 2008). Thus, in the UK, the application of ethical theories along with related approaches to practical dilemmas in healthcare focusing on abortion is particularly important and relevant. Actual counts of legal abortions The Abortion Act was agreed in 1967 and a year later it became effective as a statute in England, Wales and Scotland. For the period of 30 years following the implementation of the Act, year on year the total number of abortions performed rose by 700% (SPUC, 2012b). In Britain, five million abortions were performed over this period. Yearly, 170,000 abortions occurred during the 15 years prior to 1997. It was over 187,000 in 1998, with more than 510 abortions a day, which was 87% higher than the pro-abortionists’ estimate of illegal abortions in the 1960s (Sedgh et al., 2012). Reasons for abortion Although more than 90% of abortions are authorised and performed to protect the mother’s physical or mental health, the majority of these abortions are performed for social reasons rather than medical reasons, and this has become widely accepted (Corkindale et al., 2009). Indeed, in Britain abortion is efficiently practised on demand (Ingham et al., 2008). This poses further ethical implications for healthcare professionals since abortion is no longer only considered for medical reasons, but is frequently a social choice and a method of solving an unexpected or unwanted pregnancy (Koyama et al., 2005). Contraception and abortion Although the pro-life movement is reluctant to make a connection between contraception and abortion, with some contraceptives there is both a link to abortion and identification with abortion (Smith, 1993). Indeed, some contraceptives are abortifacients and work by causing early term abortion. Furthermore, the number of abortions cannot be stopped primarily by contraception since pregnancy prevention also results in an anti-child state of mind; such unplanned babies are observed only as the unwanted result of contraceptive failure. The eugenics movement Eugenic ethics is protected as a religious belief, political philosophies, and judicial systems, and it is the reverse of the code that all human beings have equal value (Kasun, 1988). The mentality of the eugenic adjudicators is unusually narrow compared to physical, psychological or social situations (Connelly, 2008). This leads to disabled and unborn groups. Thus, issues of disability and eugenics are remarkably relevant to the application of ethical theories focusing on practical dilemmas in healthcare. Foetal tissue in medical research The major source for research into foetal tissue is from babies that are the result of induced abortion; such research consists of the human genome project. If permission is given, the dead bodies may well be used for research, but a mother aborting her child would not likely provide such support. In research, the use of foetal tissue seems to justify abortion because it can be used to assist in the health and life of other people. At the same time, it could be argued that such research is morally wrong because it neglects the unborn baby’s right to life (Nie, 2002). Abortion and disability Every abortion involves an assumption that the existence of unborn babies is of lesser value than an adult human’s life. It could be argued that abortion due to a disability diagnosed in the unborn child is not only an attack on the most vulnerable but on one who it is necessary to protect. It is also offensive to all disabled community members as it transmits to them the sense that they are inferior to, as well as of less worth than, the able-bodied (Sheldon and Wilkonson, 2010). Pre-natal screening In Britain, most pregnant women are offered regular pre-natal testing. It is a crucial activity, which has resulted in a greater number of women who may not have considered it before going on to have an abortion. Such tests are presented and if the results are positive for a disability, the immediate option given to parents is to make a choice between either continuing with the pregnancy or having an abortion. Britain offers pre-natal screening for disabilities only where a routine ultrasound has highlighted a potential problem, there is family medical history to suggest a child may inherit a condition, or the age of the mother puts her child at an increased risk of having, for example, Down’s syndrome. In cases of artificial insemination, before implantation and hopefully fertilisation, the embryo is screened. Whilst still in the test tube embryos are monitored to determine their sex and genetic conditions, but can be superfluous. This approach prevents embryos from continuing to live (Hundt et al., 2011). Thus, medical and nursing professionals working in healthcare related to abortion must address the issues related to pre-natal screening adequately. Gene technology Genetic science is used to enhance the well-being of humanity, through exploration into gene therapy and to care for people with, for example, a genetic condition such as cystic fibrosis. However, this technology may be misused in order to limit human life. Genetic engineering attempts to engineer babies by manipulating their genes in the laboratory. However, the source from the genetic map position in the human genome program may be misused (Heinrichs, 2002). DISCUSSION The topic of abortion raises moral and ethical issues that need to be addressed by physicians, nurses, and clinic staff involved with conducting abortions. While abortions for medical reasons are legal in Britain, some staff may question the procedure for personal and religious reasons. Those staff who are pro-life (and see abortion as akin to murder) will likely seek work in other settings and thus alleviate their sense of guilt. Obstetricians, who often participate in the act of abortion, will need to have a professional view that sees the action as ethical, although some may hold private views of its morality, perhaps influenced by religious beliefs (Chervenak and McCullough ,1990). For example, health professionals might ask the question, â€Å"When is the foetus a patient?†The answer is when it is viable, regardless of age of gestation. Indeed, it could be argued that only the woman carrying the foetus can give a pre-viable foetus patient status. If the foetus is c lassified as a patient, it can be further argued that ending its life is almost never ethically justified. The statistical data discussed within this essay indicate that few abortions are actually for medical reasons, but rather for personal, social and economic reasons. This has generated a great deal of discussion in terms of the ethics of abortion. Since the procedure is primarily used by the lower economic classes (who perhaps become pregnant because of lack of knowledge about birth control), abortion can be seen as a method to keep the future population of those likely to require government assistance in welfare and medicine somewhat reduced. As yet, there doesn’t appear to be any political or ethical writer ready to take this issue up. Some groups (such as African Americans) see this as an attack on their race. Feminists likely support the procedure if it is the wish of the pregnant woman. Many health workers would continue to support abortion on demand as it eliminates reliance on illegal abortions, which were often dangerous to a woman’s health, as was a huge pro blem in the past. A few points should be made about the ethical issues posed by new technologies (such as embryos in stem cell research, sex selection and gene manipulation). In all of these cases, decisions are being made to limit viable life. Outka (2002) raised questions about the ethics of human stem cell research. Many good embryos are destroyed for the sake of research. This is seen as clearly unethical. Outka concludes that it is acceptable to conduct research on ‘excess’ embryos by appealing to the principal of â€Å"nothing is lost.†Modern science has made it easy to determine the sex of the foetus at a very early stage. If the sex is female (and the parents already have a girl), will they seek an abortion Is the doctor or clinic likely to raise moral and ethical concerns In many cultures, a son is deemed necessary, so with new technologies many female foetuses in India and China have been aborted. This raises the question of whether this cultural bias being seen in the large Indian population in the UK? 3.1. CONCLUSION Ethical Issues in healthcare related to abortion are becoming increasingly relevant, as it provides an opportunity for discussion on various dimensions of contemporary healthcare. It also examines the application of ethical theories along with related approaches focusing on abortion. However, it is suggested that medical institutes and hospitals providing safe abortions should be aware of all ethical issues and the human rights implications involved. Their workers, including doctors and nurses, should be trained on the ethical issues of abortion so that they can provide comprehensive medical care to women who consider or opt for an abortion. It is important to explore new opportunities for the in-depth study of ethical dimensions of modern healthcare, which examines the appropriate application of ethical theories and related approaches to effective dilemmas in healthcare focusing on abortion. There are many suitable applications of ethical theories and approaches to an ethical dilemma available, which mainly focus on the international and the population-control development, reasons for abortion, contraception and abortion, birth control and human life attitudes, disability and eugenics, abortion and disability, and other related ethical issues. Nevertheless, there remains a need to address each of these ethical issues specifically in terms of healthcare and the dilemmas experienced by healthcare professionals. REFERENCES Abortion Act, 1967. (C.87), London: HMSO. Aguirre, D.G. and BillingsL. 2007. Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion. TUFH Women and Health Taskforce. [online] Available from: http://www.the-networktufh.org/sites/default/files/attachments/basic_pages/WHLP%20Unwanted%20Pregnancy%20and%20Unsafe%20Ab.pdf [cited 05 May 2012]. Blumberg, B.D., Golbus, M.S. and Hanson, K.H., 1975. The psychological sequelae of abortion performed for a genetic indication. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 122(799-808), p. 806. Boss, J.A., 1994. First trimester prenatal diagnosis: Earlier is not necessarily better. Journal of Medical Ethics, 20(146-151), p.147. Brody, B., 1972. Thomson on Abortion. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(3), pp.335-340. Chervenak, F. A. and McCullough, L. B., 1990. Does obstetric ethics have any role in the obstetrician’s response to the abortion controversy American Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 163(5 Pi), po.1425-1429. Connelly, M., 2008. Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population Cambridge: Belk nap Press of Harvard University Press. Corkindale, C.J., Condon, J.T., Russell, A. and Quinlivan, J.A., 2009. Factors that adolescent males take into account in decisions about an unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Adolescence, 32(4), p.995-1008. Department of Health., 2011. Abortion statistics, England and Wales: 2010. [online] Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_126769 [cited 05 May 2012]. Dudley,S. and Mueller, S. What Is Medical AbortionNational Abortion Federation. [online] Available from: http://www.prochoice.org/pubs_research/publications/downloads/about_abortion/medical_abortion.pdf [cited 05 May 2012]. Event, F.R., 2008. Proceedings of the International Consortium for Medical Abortion. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31 Suppl), p.1-204. Harris, J., 1985. Abortion and Infanticide. Journal of Medical Ethics, 11(4), p.212. Heinrichs, L., 2002. Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 186(5 Suppl Understanding), p.S215-S219. Hundt, G.L., Bryanston, C., Lowe, P., Cross, S., Sandall, J. and Spencer, K. 2011. Inside â€Å"Inside View†: reflections on stimulating debate and engagement through a multimedia live theatre production on the dilemmas and issues of pre-natal screening policy and practice. Health expectations an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 14(1), p.1-9. Ingham, R. Lee, E., Clements, S.J. and Stone, N., 2008. Reasons for second trimester abortion in England and Wales. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31 Suppl), p.18-29. Karasahin, K.E. and Keskin, U., 2011. Pain and abortion. Contraception, 84(3), p.337. Kasun, J., 1998. The War Against Population. San Francisco, USA: Ignatius Press. Kivity, S., Borow, M. and Shoenfeld, Y., 2009. Hippocrates’ Oath is challenged. The Israel Medical Association journal IMAJ, 11(10), pp.581-584. Koyama, A. and Williams, R., 2005. Abortion in Medical Institute Curricula. McGill Journal of Medicine, 8(2), pp.157-60. MacGuigan, M., 1994. Abortion, Conscience Democracy. Toronto, Canada: Dundurn, Hounslow Press. Marston, C. and Cleland, J., 2003. Relationships between contraception and abortion: a review of the evidence. International Family Planning Perspectives, 29(1), pp.6-13. Nie, J.B., 2002. Chinese moral perspectives on abortion and foetal life: a historical account. New Zealand Bioethics Journal, 3(3), p.15-31. Outka, G. 2002. The ethics of human stem cell research. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 12(2), pp.175-213. Polaino Lorente, A., 2009. Psychopathology and abortion. Cuadernos de bioetica revista oficial de la Asociacion Espanola de Bioetica y Etica Medica, 20(70), pp.357-380. Rosenfeld, J.A., 1992. Emotional responses to therapeutic abortion. American Family Physician, 45(1), p.137-140. Schultz, J.D., Van Assendelft, A., 1999. Encyclopedia of women in American politics. The American political landscape. (1st ed). Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 195. Sedgh, G., Singh, S., Shah, I.H., Ahman, E., Henshaw, S.K. and Bankole, A. 2012. Induced abortion: incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008. Lancet, 6736(11), pp.1-8. Sheldon, S. and Wilkonson, S., 2010. Abortion and Disability. The disability studies reader. [online] Available from: http://www.prochoiceforum.org.uk/aad5.asp. [cited 05 May 2012]. Smith, J., 1993. The Connection between Contraception and Abortion. University of Dallas. [online] Available from: http://www.goodmorals.org/smith4.htm [cited 05 May 2012]. SPUC, 2012. Abortion briefing. Society for the Protection of Unborn Children . [online] Available from: http://www.spuc.org.uk/education/abortion/briefing [cited 05 May 2012]. The ICMA Information Package on Medical Abortion., 2012. Information for health care providers. INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM FOR MEDICAL ABORTION. [online] Available from: http://www.medicalabortionconsortium.org/about.html [cited 05 May 2012]. Tremayne, S., 2000. Abortion in the Developing World. Journal of Medical Ethics, 26(6), pp.483-484. Warren, M.A. 2009. On the moral and legal status of abortion. In Soifer (ed.). Ethical Issues: Perspectives for Canadians. (3rd ed). Toronto, Canada: Broadview Press. How to cite Ethical Issues in Healthcare, Essay examples Ethical Issues in Healthcare Free Essays Ethical Issues in Healthcare Healthcare ethics involves making well researched and considerate decisions about medical treatments, while taking into consideration a patient’s beliefs and wishes regarding all aspects of their health. The healthcare industry, above any other, has a high regard for the issues surrounding the welfare of their clientele: their patients. This paper will focus on HIPPA, confidentiality, the efficiency and cost of information systems and doctor-patient relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in Healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, is a law designed â€Å"to improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage in the group and individual markets, to combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insurance and health care delivery, to promote the use of medical savings accounts, to improve access to long-term care services and coverage, to simplify the administration of health insurance, and for other purposes. When confidential patient information is disclosed without consent it is a violation of the HIPAA Title II Security Rule. This rule was enacted in response to private information being leaked to the news and emails containing privileged information were read by unauthorized people. Identity theft is a real concern so patient privacy should be taken seriously. This is a rule can easily be broken without the offender feeling any malice towards the victim for example gossip and curiosity. Gossip in a medical office can have devastating effects on a health care facility’s reputation. Employees engaging in idle chatter to pass the time can inadvertently be overheard by patients or family members. Primarily, computer storage and exchange of information is the area where HIPAA intersects with technology. Anytime a computer stores patient information, the computer must have HIPAA precautions. For instance, the computer should only be accessible by certain persons who have a special access code and/or password to utilize the computer. Also, when a computer is not in use, it should be locked and the screen must be inaccessible from unauthorized persons. Furthermore, monitors and screens should be turned away from the public to prevent anyone from seeing private medical information. http://www. ehow. com/about_5220807_hipaa-law-affects-technology. html#ixzz2PPhpfXnD According to the textbook â€Å"healthcare companies must appoint a privacy officer to develop privacy policies and procedure as well as train employees on how to handle sensitive patient data. These actions must address the potential for unauthorized access to data by outside hackers as well as the more likely threat of internal misuse of data. Some medical personnel and privacy advocates fear that between the increasing demands for disclosure of patient information and the inevitable complete digitization of medical records, patient confidentiality will be lost†(George Reynolds 2012). Confidentiality is one of the most important ethical issues in health care. Maintaining confidentiality is becoming more difficult. While information technology can improve the quality of care by enabling the instant retrieval and access of information through various means, including mobile devices, and the more rapid exchange of medical information by a greater number of people who can contribute to the care and treatment of a patient, it also can increase the risk of unauthorized use, access and disclosure of confidential patient information. Within healthcare organizations, personal information contained in medical records now is reviewed not only by physicians and nurses but also by professionals in many clinical and administrative support areas. The meaning of patient confidentiality is that personal and medical information that are provided to the providers of healthcare cannot be disclosed to others not unless the patient has provided authorization for the release. In fact permission is not supposed to be granted to health care professionals to disclose the patient’s medical information. This is because there could be professional or personal problems by disclosing the medical information of the patients for patients depends on the physicians in keeping private their medical information. Normally it becomes difficult for medical records to be completely sealed up. The greatest factor that affects confidentiality is when clinicians turn to share medical information as case studies. In any case such data happens to be published in professional journals, then the patient’s identity is never divulged and the entire data that identifies the patient become either eliminated or changed. However, if at all the confidentiality is breached; the patient may have the right of suing (Claire McGowan, 2012). The cost of upgrading the organization and bringing it into the 21st century will be rather expensive however it is important to understand that this is a necessary expense and the new computer system will pay for itself in a relatively short time. HIT can raise quality and can also generate the statistics to prove you have done so. Perceived higher quality allows organizations to increase market share and to negotiate higher prices from payers whose members demand access to those organizations, even if they have to pay slightly higher premiums to get it. In a competitive fee-for-service environment, greater market share increases revenues and may also permit some economies of scale (Morton Shekell, Keeler EB, 2006). The use of health information technology (HIT) has been promoted as having tremendous promise in improving the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, quality, and safety of medical care delivery in our nation’s healthcare system. The realization of these benefits is especially important in the context of reports that show five years of consecutive annual double-digit increases in healthcare costs and increases in the numbers of adverse health events. At the same time, reports have suggested that 50 percent of all healthcare dollars are wasted on inefficient processes. Legislators and organizational leaders at the federal and state levels have emphasized the need for healthcare to follow the example of many non-healthcare industries, in which implementation of computer information technology has been critical in increasing the accessibility of mission-critical information, automating labor-intensive and inefficient processes, and minimizing human error (Morton Shekell, Keeler EB, 2006). Special computer servers should be utilized to store private patient information. There should also be special firewall programs and other safety software installed on the computers like virus protection. These protections must be available on any computer that is used to store and/or exchange patient medical information. These precautions also impact the use of fax machines and computer printers as well. Anytime patient information is exchanged via facsimile, there must be redaction of confidential information or a limitation on who will access the incoming faxes. The same issue must also be addressed with use of computer printers. In other words, the printer must be accessible only by authorized personnel. Physician-patient relationships are very important. Ethical dilemmas also extend to safety of the patient and other healthcare workers, because medical records are meant to convey all information to other healthcare providers. A patient’s request that healthcare-related information be kept off the record, places the physician in a difficult situation. While physicians are obligated to protect a patient’s private information and to maintain confidentiality, they are also obligated to keep accurate records of relevant information, to avoid harm to patients, to make treatment recommendations that are likely to benefit the patient, to be responsible stewards of healthcare resources. Key considerations include the precedent the act will establish and both the short-term and long-term consequences of the act to the patient and others. While electing to prioritize confidentiality may appear justified or inappropriate in the immediate situation, reflection on the implications is important. The physician should work with the patient to assess the options available, such as honoring the request, documenting fully, documenting only what is necessary, and using alternative language. How present is the idiom ‘off the record’ in healthcare? In closing, right to confidentiality of a person on the part of the providers of healthcare is held by government as well as the law. Such position is reaffirmed as well in the language of the codes of professional conduct. Both the ethical and the legal principles of confidentiality tend to be rooted in a set of values concerning the relationship between the patient and the caregiver. It is important for a patient to trust a caregiver in order to facilitate a warm and accepting relationship to develop. References Shekelle P, Morton SC, Keeler EB. â€Å"Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology. Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments†No. 132. April 2006. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. ih. gov/books/NBK37992/ â€Å"How present is the idiom ‘off the record’ in healthcare? †Medical Ethics Advisor September 1, 2011: Vol. 27, No. 9 pp. 97-108 Retrieved from UMUC Library McGowan, Claire. â€Å"Patients’ Confidentiality†Critical Care Nurse Vol. 32, No. 5 October 2012 pp. 61-65 Retrieved from UMUC Library Reynolds, George W. (2012). Ethics in information technol ogy (4th ed. ). Independence, KY: Cengage Learning, Inc. Nogara, J. S. â€Å"How HIPAA Law Affects Technology†Retrieved April 3, 2013 http://www. ehow. com/about_5220807_hipaa-law-affects-technology. html How to cite Ethical Issues in Healthcare, Papers
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Knowledge Ideology and Politics of Schooling †MyAssignmenthelp
Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Ideology and Politics of Schooling. Answer: Introduction Coca-Cola Company was created by Dr. John S. Pemberton in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. It is the most popular and largest-selling soft drink in history and the most acknowledgeable brands globally. Coca-Cola was initially offered as the fountain beverage at Jacobs Pharmacy. The Company serves a global market as a beverage organization. New Coke is the product that failed after its launch in 1985. Original Coke brand was already popular and worth fair competition with Pepsi. The decision to terminate Original formula was irrational. Coca-Cola underestimated the power of its original brand leading to a widespread boycott in the US. The first concept emerging from the background and relevant to post 1 is market research. This concept applies to topic 2 and hence appropriate for post 1. In the text, poor customer knowledge is highlighted. It is outlined as one of the barriers to the generation of the idea. Because there was insufficient or inadequate market research, this is a concept that I have included in this first post. Market research is the activity or action of collecting info regarding the preferences and needs of the consumers. According to Crawford and Di-Benedetto (2015), the first phase of new product process entails the identification and selection of the relevant opportunities. According to Sharp (2017), market research encompasses collecting and analysing the info relating to a prevailing or a potential. This will include the buyer behaviour; customer needs as well as how the customers perceive offering of the organization and its rivals. Kotler and Keller (2016, p. 121) held that useful market research allows the organization to acquire timely, accurate as well as actionable info regarding competition, consumers, and their brands. A successful product launch is thus a product of a marketing insight discovery and implication understanding as it offshoots a brand growth. Suitable market research by Coke-Cola would have guaranteed a complete knowledge of its old consumer's buying behaviour besides their needs about the public perception of the original brand. There was hence a marketing research failure as Coca-Cola failed to carry out adequate research into the perception of the public of the original brand, despite carrying out the surveys, taste tests, focus group and segmentation. This is because taste testing results were only subject to systematic bias with the majority of such tests being done blind. Hence taste was the single factor under assessment and therefore never paid attention to the packaging of the drink. Moreover, the research on approached the consumers in Atlanta thereby skipping the other states regarding segmentation. Surveys entailed simple closed-ended questions and were never likely to unearth the deep feeling by consumers about Coke. Indeed, wrongly framed question generated wrong outcomes that are hence proving fatal to the New Coke. Regarding Focus Groups, Cokes solely deviation from the standard sequence in the market research was that the companys qualitative survey of individuals seemed to have been carried out prior instead of after the focus groups. Coke also errored by generalizing the focus groups yet it was well-known to them that for the US, the focus groups outcomes always vary from region to region. This led to conflicting outcome between those of surveys and focus groups. The market researcher also failed because it never took into account, the buying patterns of consumers. The firm gave all responses same weight when assessing consumer opinions despite the 80/20 rule. Proper application of this rule would have ensured the company understood the investment that generate greatest outcome. They would have then estimated the cost linked to less productive techniques. This would have improved the organizations marketing efficiency and returns. Forum Post 2 Topic 5 7 The identified concept relevant to post two is the market research and it associated relationship to concept testing relevant to topic 5. Concept testing is the act of ascertaining or testing the consumers feedback to an idea before the actual product/brand is launched or introduced in the market. This process is designed to allow businesses to focus on the development and improvement of commodities and set priorities to obtain a larger market share (Vaquero, Martn, Reinhardt Gurtner, 2016). It leads to easier and greater acceptance by new brand launch consumers. It helps the organization effectively channelize the time, labor and effort despite limited market research, including growth and marketing resources in the new brand development. This helps in broad analysis and evaluation of the promotional, advertising, packaging and the strategic concepts. Adequate market research during concept testing stage offer sufficient comprehension of consumers needs/wants, and buyer behaviour g uaranteeing suitable brand name choice. This would have helped consumers to fathom the real nature of the new brand. Moreover, it would have helped them understand the characteristics of the products as well as similar prices thereby effectively competing as feasible against the Pepsis established- and extremely trusted-sustained competitive brand. The company failed flat foot in its concept testing. This is because it only considered taste as the single significant cause of Cokes plunge in market share in the early 1980s and 1970s. Thus, without understanding the relationship between market research and concept testing, the company went ahead and developed New Coke which was much sweeter than original-formula Coke. Moreover, the Company only focused on nearly 200,000 blind product taste test in the US where over 53% preferred the New Coke over Pepsi and original formula. However, it was a big mistake for Coca-Cola to introduce New Coke and withdraw the original formula from the market yet they had not done effective concept testing to understand its connection to market research. The flaws in the market research taste tests carried out accounted for the lack of a clear association between concept testing and market research. Coca-Cola irrationally assumed that taste was the driving force being the consumer buying behaviour without appreciating the originality. The consumers were thus never informed that solely one product would be marketed. Therefore, the consumers were never asked whether they would forego the original formula for New Coke. This was a direct failure of the concept testing. Moreover, the failure was occasioned by the fact that no one acknowledged the symbolic value, as well as emotional engagement consumers, had with the original Coke. This, however, could have been recognizing if useful concept testing would have been carried out during the market research. Therefore, the bottom line here is that suitable variables which would impact the problem solution were excluded in both market research and concept testing. This market research is centr al. Correct market research by Coca-Cola would have helped the organization gain decision power in concept testing to realize that it was unnecessary to forego the original formula. Forum Post 2 Topic 8 10 Product line replacement is the identified concept for this post. It entails substituting the existing product/brand with a new one. This concept is suitable for understanding the failure of the New Coke. This is because Coca-Cola was trying to replace the original formula with New Coke which led to its failure. The question to be addressed is that, How should Coke have managed the replacement of the Original Coke with the New Coke. Various strategic options were available to Coca-Cola. These options included butt-on productive replacement; low-season switch; high-season switch; roll-in, roll-out; downgrading; and splitting channels. Butt-on product replacement is whereby an existing product is dropped immediately the organization announces the replacement. From this definition, it is clear that Coca-Cola settled for the first concept: butt-on product replacement. This is because when the New Coke was launched, the company just withdrew the Original formula in the market. However, Coca-Cola never fully understood the complexity associated with the decision on when to launch a new brand. There was a need for the company to understand the three critical forces: competitive environment, customer expectations, and the profit margins. Only firms that consider all the three elements in planning the launch thrive like Intel. For example, there was a heated up competitive environment in the soft drink industry occasioned by Pepsi. The mistake done by Coca-Cola is that it never carefully considered the expectations of the Original formula users which would help it concentrate on the improvement of the Original brand rather than replacing it and withdrawing it entirely from the market (Vaquero, Reinhardt and Gurtner, 2016). From the above case, it was essential for Coca-Cola to undertake effective considerations of the three elements in launching the New Coke. This is because it rushed into making a decision that was not backed by careful considerations. After it was convinced that Pepsi was increasingly gaining the market share, it never bothered to undertake valuable considerations to understand the best replacement method that could have worked while still retaining the Original Formula. Coca-Cola would have used downgrading or splitting channels. In the downgrading, the Coca-Cola would have continued with Original Formula product alongside the New Coke, but with declined support. These would not have led to the boycott of the product hence the failure and huge losses incurred. Splitting channels would have also worked effectively by putting a new item in different channels and even divert the current product into other channels. This would have given the company enough time to understand the market and the needs of the old customers. It would have thus ensured that the organization appreciates the effects of originality on the consumer buying behaviour. This would be effective since it would have saved both money and time wasted in the processes leading to the launch of the failed New Coke. There was a need for Coca-Cola to understand impacts or the implications of what the Company was engaging in before rushing to launch the New Coke and disbanding Original formula. Reference list Crawford, C. M., and Di Benedetto, C., 2015. New products management. 11th edn, McGraw Hill, New York. Crawford, C.M., 2008. New products management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Keller, K.L. and Kotler, P., 2016. Marketing management. Pearson. Sharp, R., 2017.Knowledge, ideology and the politics of schooling: Towards a Marxist analysis of education(Vol. 50). Routledge. Vaquero Martn, M., Reinhardt, R. and Gurtner, S., 2016. Stakeholder integration in new product development: a systematic analysis of drivers and firm capabilities. RD Management, 46(S3), pp.1095-1112.
My Last Duchess Analysis Essay Example For Students
My Last Duchess Analysis Essay My Last DuchessIn â€Å"My Last Duchess†by Robert Browning, we are introduced to the dramatic monologue. In a dramatic monologue, the speaker unknowingly reveals his personality through his speech. In this poem, the audience listens to a conversation between the Duke and a nameless envoy who are making the final arrangements for the Duke’s second wedding. Strangely, the Duke brings out a portrait of his former wife whom he rambles incessantly about. Through the Duke’s ramblings, we learn that he is a self-centered, arrogant, and completely chauvinistic man, asserting emotions of both power and weakness. The Duke is a materialistic, proud man. He has a high rank in nobility and a well-respected name. Thus, he tries to portray himself as powerful and sophisticated. But his underlying motives shine through and we see the Duke as jealous and possessive. The Duke was formerly married and this marriage ended tragically. His last Duchess had a wandering eye and a smile for everyone. This infuriated the Duke – â€Å"She smiled, no doubt, whene’er I passed her; but who passed without much the same smile?†(line 44). The Duke must have been a Leo because he always had to be in the spotlight, his pride injured when the attention was not there. He felt he should be the only one in his Duchess’s life to cause her joy or any sort of emotion, really. â€Å"All and each would draw from her alike the approving speech, or blush at least. She thanked men – good! But thanked someone I know not how – as if she ranked my gift of a nine hundred year old name with anybody’s gift,†(lines29-34). The Duke feels that he has made this woman. Who was she before he bestowed the almighty name on her? How dare she not show her full thanks! The Duke was like many men we see today – envious and completely ridiculous. Unfortunately for the Duchess, her innocent flirtations must have boiled the Duke over the edge. He could not talk to her about his feelings, â€Å"Even had you skill in speech – which I have not,†(line 35). And even if he was able, he probably would not because this would injure his ego even more. Sure maybe she would listen, but now she knows she has the upperhand over the Duke. It is all a control issue with these two. â€Å"And if she let herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse – E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose to never stoop,†(lines 39-42). So he decides on a different plan. â€Å"I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together,†(line 45). From this statement, we can infer that the Duke became enraged to the point he hired someone to kill his wife. It is one of those nice deals with power marriages – you do not listen to my command, you get blown away. Then we wonder w hy the divorce rate in America is 50%. All this has not changed the Duke, however. In this upcoming marriage, the Duke will act in the same way. That is the whole purpose in showing the envoy the portrait. It is a forewarning to what will happen to the next wife if she does not listen to her master – she will end up living through a portrait on the wall. The Duke does not even care about the money he is making from this marriage, he only wants another young, beautiful woman to control. â€Å"The Count your master’s known munificence is ample warrant that no just pretense of mine for dowry will be disallowed; though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed at my starting, is my object,†(49-52). Women are not people to the Duke, but rather creatures to tame, which he implies when he shows the envoy one of his other possessions. â€Å"Notice Neptune though, taming a sea horse, thought a rarity, which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me,†(54-56). .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 , .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .postImageUrl , .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 , .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5:hover , .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5:visited , .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5:active { border:0!important; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5:active , .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5 .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u68caba78dbb2d84ef1bcf7ae19c0ffb5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nationalism and patriotism EssayThe Duke was a women-thirsty, power-hungry man. He knew what he wanted and if he did not get it, he took drastic measures to insure his success in further endeavours. In this second marriage, he will either be jilted or have complete success for the envoy will go back with the story of the portrait and the Count will either hide his daughter or give her away without any qualms. If he does get left at the altar though, it would not even bother the Duke. He would just have more time to play his game of hunter and the little prey. English Essays
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